Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezenziwe nge-nanostructured ezintweni ze-foam ze-nickel ezinezinhlangothi ezintathu njengama-electrocatalysts wokuqhekeka kwamanzi

Ukuncipha kwezibaseli ezimbiwa phansi kanye nokukhathazeka okukhulayo mayelana nezindaba zamandla nemvelo kuye kwaholela emizamweni eminingi yocwaningo yokuthuthukisa eminye imithombo yamandla.I-Electrochemical electrolysisamanzi athathwa njengesu elithembisayo lokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen fuel. Kodwa-ke, ukuqhekeka kwamanzi okusebenzayo kudinga ama-electrocatalyst asebenza kahle futhi aqinile angasheshisa i-kinetics ye-oxygen-extraction reaction (OER) kanye ne-hydrogen-extraction reaction (HER). Ama-catalyst aqukethe insimbi ahloniphekile, njenge-Pt nama-alloys ayo, i-RuO2 ne-IrO2, okwamanje angama-catalyst asebenza kahle kakhulu okwenza i-OER ne-HER. Kodwa-ke, izindleko eziphezulu kanye nokushoda kwezinsimbi ezisezingeni eliphakeme kuvimbele ukusetshenziswa kwazo okukhulu kanye nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bamandla avuselelekayo. Ukuze kunqotshwe le mikhawulo, kuye kwenziwa imizamo emikhulu yokuklama futhi kuhlanganiswe ama-electrocatalyst ensimbi angabalulekile kusetshenziswa izinto ezigcwele umhlaba njengezinye izindlela zomnotho ze-OER ne-OERHER. I-Transition metal oxides, ama-sulfide, ama-phosphides, izinto ze-carbon, i-selenides, ne-mix-metal complexes ziye zacwaningwa kabanzi futhi zibonise ukusebenza okuthembisayo kwe-OER kanye ne-HER. Kodwa-ke, iningi lalawa ma-electrocatalysts adinga amandla angaphezu kwamandla aphezulu kunama-catalysts asekelwe ensimbi, futhi ukuthuthukisa ukuzinza kwawo kuhlala kubalulekile. Ngakho-ke, kunesidingo esiphuthumayo sokuthuthukisa isakhiwo se-electrode esingabizi kakhulu futhi esisebenzayo esinomsebenzi ophezulu kanye nokuzinza kwesikhathi eside sokuhlukaniswa kwamanzi okuphumelelayo.

Emkhakheni wezicelo ze-electrochemical, amasu amabili ayinhloko asetshenziselwe ukulungisa ama-electrode. Indlela yokuqala futhi esetshenziswa kabanzi ihilela ukusetshenziswa kwama-catalysts ngendlela eyimpuphu. Imvamisa, ama-electrodes akhiwa kusetshenziswa ama-slurries ezinto ezisebenza ngogesi, izithuthukisi ze-conductivity, nezinamatheliso kuma-conductive substrates. Nokho, le ndlela ayinazo izinkinga. Ububi obuyinhloko yimfuneko yesibophezelo sokuvikela ugesi, esinciphisa indawo yokuxhumana phakathi kwe-electrolyte kanye ne-catalyst. Lokhu kungase kuholele ekuvinjweni kwamasayithi asebenzayo, okuholela ekungangeni okuphezulu nokuncipha kokusebenza kwe-electrocatalytic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-electrode awashintshile, njengoba i-catalyst enamathiselwe ijwayele ukuxebuka ku-substrate eqhubayo ekuminyaniseni okuphezulu kwamanje. Isu lesibili eliyinhloko lokulungiswa kwe-electrode ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezisekelwe ensimbi ezihloniphekile ezifakwe ngokuqondile ku-electrodepositive substrate, njengegwebu le-nickel, i-copper foil, indwangu ye-carbon noma iphepha, i-FTO, insimbi engagqwali ne-nickel foil. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela ayinakho ukulinganiselwa kwayo. Kunzima ukulawula ngokunembile isikhala esifinyeleleka phakathi kwezinto ezisebenzayo ezifakiwe futhi, ngakho-ke, ukusebenza kwe-electrode kuncipha ngokuqina kwefilimu okukhulayo ngenxa yokungafinyeleleki kwe-substrate kumasayithi asebenzayo ngaphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkimbinkimbi kanye nezindleko eziphakeme zendlela zivimbela kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwayo okusebenzayo. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kwamasu okukhiqiza angabizi kakhuluama-electrode anezinhlangothi ezintathu (3D).kuyadingeka ukuze kusetshenziswe ngempumelelo i-electrochemical.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezintsha zensimbi ezinezinhlangothi ezintathu ezinezimbobo kanye nezindawo eziphakeme eziqondile kuye kwaheha ukunaka okukhulu ngenxa yamandla azo okunciphisa ubude bokusabalalisa i-ion kanye nokwandisa ukuqhutshwa kwe-ionic ne-electronic. Ngakho-ke, isiqondiso esithembisayo sokuklama kwe-electrocatalyst ukuhlanganisa izilinganiso ezahlukene zesakhiwo ukuze udale i-nanostructured composite ye-catalyst carriers ehlinzeka nge-conductivity ephezulu, indawo enkulu kanye nokuzinza okuphezulu.Igwebu le-nickel(i-NF), into etholakalayo ethengiswayo futhi engabizi, isetshenziswe kabanzi njenge-substrate kanye nomthwali wezinto ze-electrode ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esifiselekayo se-open-pore esinezinhlangothi ezintathu, ukuhanjiswa kukagesi okuphezulu, kanye nendawo enkulu ethile. iziteshi ezingaphakathi kwe-NFs zihlinzeka ngokudlulisa okuhle ngobuningi kanye nendawo enkulu yendawo ngayinye yeyunithi. Ama-substrates ahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa amagwebu ensimbi ahlukene, ama-meshes, ama-foil nezindwangu, ahlolwe njengabaqoqi bezicelo ze-electrochemical ezifana namabhethri e-lithium-ion, ama-supercapacitor, amaseli elanga nokuhlukaniswa kwamanzi. Ikakhulukazi, ama-NF anezimbotshana adonse ukunaka ngenxa yezindleko zawo eziphansi, ukuqhutshwa kukagesi, kanye nendawo enkulu ye-electroactive surface, elungele ukulayisha ama-catalyst nokwandisa izindawo ezisebenzayo ze-electrochemical. Ukwengeza, ama-NF anezimbotshana anezinzuzo ekuthuthukiseni ukuthuthwa okukhulu kwama-electrolyte, okuwenza abe amakhandidethi afanelekile kubaqoqi bamanje endaweni ephezulu ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla. Ukukhula okuqondile kwezinto ezisebenzayo kugwebu le-nickel futhi kuthuthukisa ukuthintana kwe-catalyst-substrate ukuze kudluliselwe kahle ama-electron ekuphenduleni kokuqhekeka kwamanzi. Nakuba i-supercapacitor nama-electrode ebhethri ehlala eyizicelo eziyinhloko zama-NFs, ucwaningo lwakamuva lubonise ukuthi izinto zokwenziwa kwama-electrode ezifakwe kule nto zinomsebenzi we-OER ophakeme kune-Ni foil namanetha. Lezi zinto zingasetshenziswa ngendlela yazo yemvelo noma zihlotshiswe ngezinto ezisebenzayo, futhi amagwebu angasetshenziswa kokubili njengabaqoqi kanye nama-substrates asekelayo. Ngakho-ke, ukukhula kwe-nanostructured, impahla ecebile ye-catalytic yomhlaba kuma-substrates e-NF kunesithembiso sokuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezithuthukisiwe ze-electrode yokugcina amandla / amadivaysi okuguqula. Nakuba ama-electrocatalyst acebile emhlabeni akhule ngokuqondile kugwebu le-nickel evame ukutholakala, ama-electrode anezinhlangothi ezintathu kugwebu le-nickel lama-OERs kanye nama-HERs awazange aphenywe kabanzi, nakuba eyizakhiwo ezinama-hierarchical ezinezimbobo ezinenani eliphansi futhi ezilula ukuzenza.