1. Iyini igwebu lensimbi ne-aluminium foam
Ngokuhamba komlando, ukutholakala kwensimbi enegwebu kwakha ingqopha-mlando ebalulekile ekuguqukeni kwawo wonke umkhakha wobunjiniyela bezinto zokwakha. Igwebu lensimbi liyizinto ezakhiwe ngesakhiwo sensimbi esinenqwaba yezimbotshana futhi sigcwele igesi eduze kwesakhiwo [2]. Izimbotshana zalezi zigwebu zensimbi zingaxhunywa noma zivalwe, futhi zibizwa ngokuthi igwebu leseli elivulekile kanye negwebu lamaseli avaliwe, ngokulandelana, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 2(a)(b) [3]. Phakathi kwazo, izinto ezinegwebu le-aluminium okwamanje ziyinsimbi ethembisayo kakhulu yegwebu, ngenxa ye-porosity yayo ephezulu, ukuminyana okuphansi, isisindo esilula, amandla aphezulu, ukucindezelwa okuhle, ukumuncwa komthelela oqinile, ukusebenza kahle kokumuncwa komsindo, nokusebenza okuhle kokuvikela i-electromagnetic. Ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu, ngakho-ke kwaziwa ngokuthi "inkanyezi yensimbi" [4], esetshenziswa kabanzi kwezinye izindlela zokucubungula emikhakheni yobunjiniyela be-aerospace, ukukhiqiza kanye nesayensi yemvelo.
Umfanekiso 2. Izici zesakhiwo se-aluminium enegwebu: (a) Igwebu le-aluminium elivulekile; (B) Igwebu le-aluminium elivaliwe [3]
2. Ukutholakala kwe-aluminium enegwebu
Kuwo wonke umlando, izinto ezinjengamathambo, ukhuni, ne-pumice ziye zasetshenziswa kabanzi isikhathi eside. Abacwaningi abaningi babikezela ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zinto kuye kwakhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwezinto ezenziwe umuntu njengegwebu lensimbi. Nakuba ubuchwepheshe obuningi obunamagwebu obusetshenziswayo njengamanje buhlongozwa kusukela ngawo-1950, ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukutholakala kwe-aluminium enegwebu kungalandelelwa emuva ngo-1926, lapho uMa De Meller eqala ukukhuluma ngensimbi egwebulile egunyazweni lesiFulentshi. U-Meller wake waphakamisa ukuthi inqubo yokwenza amagwebu ensimbi ingafinyelelwa ngokungenisa igesi engenzi lutho ensimbi encibilikisiwe, noma ngokusebenzisa i-ejenti egwebuzelayo efana ne-carbonate ensimbi encibilikisiwe. Nakuba lokhu kuyilungelo lobunikazi elisekelwe embonweni, kubeka isisekelo sezinyathelo ezilandelayo ezidingekayo ekuthuthukisweni kwegwebu le-aluminium. U-John C. Elliott waqhubeka nokuthuthukisa lo mbono ngemva kweminyaka engu-20, eklama inguqulo ebuyekeziwe yelungelo lobunikazi le-Meller futhi wethula igwebu le-aluminium lokuqala elitholakalayo, elibe nesandla ekuthengisweni kwezinto e-Japan ngawo-1990. Ukukhululwa kwabeka isisekelo [5].
3. Ukusebenza nokusetshenziswa kwe-aluminium enegwebu
I-aluminium foamed iyinsimbi ene-porosity ephezulu kanye nesakhiwo esinezimbotshana, lapho izimbotshana ezivaliwe zibalelwa cishe izingxenye ezintathu kwezine zomthamo ophelele wezinto zensimbi, okwenza izinto zibe lula kakhulu [7]. Ngaphezu kwalezi zici ezingenhla, i-aluminium enegwebu nayo inezici ezihlaba umxhwele zokumunca amandla kanye nokucindezelwa okuphezulu [7]. Mayelana nokuminyana, abacwaningi bathola ukuthi ukuminyana kwamasampula amaningi anegwebu le-aluminium cishe ku-0.4-1.2 g·cm-3 [6]. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-aluminium foamed iphinde ibe nokumuncwa okuzwakalayo, ukuphinda kusetshenziswe kabusha kanye nokuhanjiswa kwe-thermal okuphansi [7].
Mayelana nokusetshenziswa, ukuvikela kazibuthe kagesi, isisindo esilula kanye nezakhiwo zokumunca zegwebu le-aluminium kuyenza ibe indawo ekahle yezingxenye ezisetshenziswa kumishini elawulwayo ehlanganisa izikhali zenuzi, izimoto, i-aerospace kanye nezimboni zokwakha ngenxa yokumelana kwayo nezimo ezibucayi. Edivayisini elawulekayo yokuhlanganisa i-nuclear, igwebu le-aluminium elivaliwe liyinto enhle kakhulu yokuvikela i-electromagnetic. Ngenxa yokuxhumana kohlaka lwamathambo e-aluminium Foam, inendawo enkulu ethile engaphezulu nekhono elihle lokumunca futhi libonise amaza kagesi. Kuyenzeka ukulahlekelwa okunhlobonhlobo, njengokulahleka kokumuncwa, ukulahleka kokubonakala, njll., ukuze i-aluminium enegwebu ibe nokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokuvikela i-electromagnetic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuphinde kwatholakala ukuthi ukusebenza kahle kokuvikela i-electromagnetic kwe-aluminium enegwebu kukhombise inkambiso yokwehla kuqala bese kukhuphuka ngokunyuka kwamagagasi kagesi kagesi [3]. Embonini ye-aerospace, i-aluminium enegwebu isetshenziselwa ukwenza izigaxa zesikhala noma izingxenye ze-turbine. Ngenxa yekhwalithi ephansi ye-aluminium enegwebu, iwusizo ikakhulukazi ekwehliseni isisindo esiphelele sezingxenye zendiza [7]. Futhi njengento enhle kakhulu emunca amandla, i-aluminiyamu enegwebu isetshenziselwa ukwenza izinto zokuvala umkhumbi-mkhathi, izinto zokudonsa ukudlidliza kanye nephansi lendlu yokubuya yomkhumbi-mkhathi, ukuze umkhumbi-mkhathi ukwazi ukufinyelela endaweni ephephile futhi uvikele ukuphepha kosomkhathi kanye nemishini yasemkhathini. Ngokumunca amandla ngempumelelo kanye nokumunca ukushaqeka, i-aluminium enegwebu ingaqinisekisa ukuphepha kosomkhathi ngaphansi komthelela wokufika komkhumbi-mkhathi, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 3 [8].
Umfanekiso 3. Ukwakhiwa okuthuthukisiwe kwengxenye ye-bilge engazweli [8]
1-isikhumba esiphezulu; 2-foam aluminium stringers; 3-isikhumba esiphansi
Embonini yezimoto, i-aluminium enegwebu isiza ukunciphisa inani eliphelele lezingxenye ezisetshenziswa kuhlaka, yenza inqubo yokuhlanganisa isebenze kahle, futhi ekugcineni isize ukunciphisa izindleko futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza [7]. Njengamanje, i-aluminium eyigwebu isetshenziswa emigoqweni elwa nokushayisana, imishayo kanye nemishayo yeminyango ezakhiweni zemizimba yezimoto emakethe, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 4 [9-10].
Umfanekiso 4. (a) uwumdwebo wezingxenye ezithile zomzimba wemoto ezimunca amandla;
(B) Umdwebo ohleliwe webha ye-aluminium eyigwebu evimbela ukushayisana
Embonini yezokwakha, ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwe-aluminium enegwebu kunjengesivikelo, isithiyo esimelana nomlilo ukuvimbela umsindo omkhulu. Ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kwegwebu le-aluminium elivaliwe ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo yi-Shanghai SOHO Fuxing Plaza. Umklami usebenzisa inani elikhulu le-aluminium eyigwebu ukuze amunce futhi avale umsindo, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 6 [11].
Ukutholakala kwe-aluminium enegwebu kuthathwa njengempumelelo emangalisayo. I-aluminium enegwebu ihlanganisa ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokuvikela i-electromagnetic, isisindo esilula, ukuminyana okuphansi, ukumunca ukushaqeka kanye nokusebenza kokumunca amandla, ngakho-ke inokusebenza okuhle kakhulu ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene namuhla. Ukusebenza okubanzi. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi i-aluminium foamed iphinde ibe umkhiqizo ohambisana nemvelo ongagaywa kabusha, okusho ukuthi iyinto eqhubekayo futhi kulindeleke ukuthi isetshenziswe ngobuningi ekusetshenzisweni kwezimboni esikhathini esizayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-30-2021
