Ukucutshungulwa kwe-laser kwegwebu lensimbi

Amagwebu ensimbi ahlukaniswa ngokwezigabai-open-cell kanye namagwebu avaliwe. Amagwebu amaseli avaliwe anolwelwesi oluhlukanisa amaseli angomakhelwane noma ama-void, kuyilapho amagwebu amaseli avulekile anenethiwekhi yama-void asatshalaliswa ngokungahleliwe axhumeke njengoba kuboniswe ku-Figure (a) kanye (b), ngokulandelanayo. Ukuhlukaniswa kwezigaba kubaluleke kakhulu ngandlela thize njengoba kuhlukanisa amagwebu ensimbi ngokuya ngokusebenza kwawo. Amagwebu ensimbi avaliwe anokuqina okuphezulu futhi asetshenziswa kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwesakhiwo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amagwebu e-open-cell asetshenziswa kakhulu ekusebenzeni okusebenzayo okufana nokushintshanisa ukushisa ngenxa yendawo yawo enkulu kanye nesakhiwo se-porous esixhumeke ngaphakathi.

Ngakho-ke, izindlela zokucubungula zinesibopho ngokuyinhlokoukwenza ngokwezifiso amagwebu ensimbiekusetshenzisweni kwazo ngokuchaza ukwakheka kwazo kwe-anatomical noma ukusatshalaliswa kwezimbotshana. Izindlela zokucubungula zihlukaniswa kabanzi zibe izinqubo eziwuketshezi neziqinile. Ukucutshungulwa koketshezi yikhona okudume kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwezentengiso ngenxa yamazinga aphezulu amagwebu kanye nesivuno esikhulu. Inqubo idala izimbotshana ezinsimbini eziwuketshezi noma eziqine kancane ngenye yemizila emibili emikhulu, ekhihliza amagwebu eqondile nengaqondile. Ukukhihliza amagwebu okuqondile kungafezwa ngokwethula igesi (umoya, i-nitrogen, noma i-argon) noma ngokwethula izinto zesibili ezifana ne-TiH2, ZrH2, MgH2, CaCO3, njll. ngqo ku-matrix yensimbi encibilikisiwe. Kuzo zombili izimo, amabhamuza akhiwa phezu kokuncibilika futhi ayavaleleka futhi apholiswe ukuze enze izikhala.

Lapho kusetshenziswa indlela yokugwedla engaqondile, insimbi encibilikisiwe ayikhihliwe ngokuqondile; esikhundleni salokho, izandulela ezithile ezifana namagwebu e-polymer noma izinhlayiya ze-inorganic kanye nama-low-density hollow sphere asetshenziselwa ukuphonsa insimbi encibilikisiwe ibe igwebu. Ukucubungula uketshezi, kuyilapho kuvumela ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi beamagwebu ensimbiefomini leshidi, alinakho ukuzinza nokulawulwa. Ngenxa yalokho, ukwakheka kwenethi eseduze kunzima ukukhiqiza. Izinhlobonhlobo zezinto ezingasetshenziswa ukwenza amagwebu ngale ndlela nazo zilinganiselwe kakhulu.

Igwebu lesimo esiqinile lingachazwa njengenqubo yokukhiqiza amagwebu ensimbi egcina izinga lokushisa lokucubungula ngaphakathi kwebanga lokushisa elincibilikayo lezinto eziyisisekelo. Amagwebu ensimbi alungiswa ngokwethula i-ejenti ephephetha ngokuqondile ensimbi eqinile exubile (i-intrinsic porosity) noma ngokuhlanganisa impushana yensimbi eduze kwesifanekiso sesikhashana esilashwe ngaphambilini esine-voids (i-extrinsic porosity). Nakuba izinqubo zombuso oqinile zilawulwa ngendlela enokwethenjelwa, zibiza kakhulu. Izimboni zamanje zokukhiqiza zibaluleke kakhulu ekukhetheni imikhiqizo ezokwenziwa.

Amagwebu ensimbiziwuhlobo olusha lwempahla engasindi enezimbotshana ehlanganisa izimbotshana noma izikhala ngaphakathi kwensimbi eqinile. Izimbotshana zivame ukwakhiwa ngaphakathi kwesisekelo sempahla ngendlela engalawuleki, elandela imizila yenqubo ehlukene ukuze akhe isakhiwo sensimbi esinezimbotshana ezingahleliwe. Ingxenye yevolumu yama-pores aphumela iphezulu kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa nesisekelo sezinto, okwenza izinto zibe lula. Ngokungeziwe esisindweni sayo esilula, okokusebenza kunikeza uhla lwezinye izakhiwo ezivelele zesakhiwo: isilinganiso esiphezulu samandla nesisindo kanye nokuncibilika okuhle kakhulu kokudlidliza namandla okumunca umsindo. Ukufaka i-foam yensimbi kunoma iyiphi imboni, kufanele ihlanganiswe eduze nenqubo yokukhiqiza ethembekile. Izinsimbi ezinegwebu zibonakala ngokuqina okuphezulu namandla aphansi aqinile futhi zivame ukuphuka ngaphansi komthwalo. Ngakho-ke, izinqubo ezivamile zokukhiqiza azilungele ukucubungula isimo esijwayelekile sokwenziwa kwegwebu lensimbi. Ngenxa yalokho, ukwamukelwa okubanzi kwamagwebu ensimbi kuyaphazamiseka. Indlela yokucubungula nge-laser iyindlela esebenzisa umthombo wokushisa onembayo, i-laser, ukucubungula impahla esikhundleni somthwalo wemishini.